Jain Pratikraman Times for Bhopal
Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) is located at 23.2599°N, 77.4126°E. The Jain daily ritual cycle includes Dev Vandan at sunrise, Samayik meditation during daylight, Devsi Pratikraman at dawn (within 48 minutes after sunrise), and Rayi Pratikraman at dusk (within 48 minutes before sunset). All times are calculated from Bhopal's exact sunrise and sunset coordinates. India observes IST (UTC+5:30) year-round, but the actual solar time in Bhopal may differ from Mumbai or Delhi by 15–30 minutes depending on longitude.